Corosolic Acid Formulation and Its Application for Weight-Loss Management and Blood Sugar Balance

ABSTRACT

A soft gelatin capsule and method to deliver an efficable dose of  Lagerstroemia speciosa  L. (marketed by Soft Gel Technologies under the trademark Glucosol™) for the assistance and maintenance of moderate weight loss through blood sugar maintenance. The product relies on the effects of corosolic acid on blood sugar levels to derive a healthy weight loss effect for Type II diabetics (non-insulin dependent) and healthy non-diabetics and the improved absorption of an oil based delivery system. The product provides safe and sustainable weight loss when combined with a restricted calorie diet and regular exercise. Its benefits include improvement of cardiovascular health, normalized blood sugar levels, and improved physical appearance with the positive psychological effects associated with successful and safe weight loss/maintenance.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an improved food supplement formulation including Corosolic acid for producing sustained weight-loss management and blood sugar balance effects. This food supplement further aims to improve high blood sugar levels in subjects suffering from Type 2 diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The first diagnosis of diabetes dates back to Greece, 2,000 years ago. Blood sugar balance, in general, diabetes, in particular, ever since has been the subject of an increasing scientific study. Diabetes affects 16 million people in the United States alone and it is the fourth leading cause of death. Insulin, the hormone produced by pancreas, regulates the uptake and conversion of sugar into heat energy and muscle power. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and insufficient insulin production leads to Type 1 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Lipid metabolism is often deranged in diabetics resulting in weight gain and other complications.

More than half of U.S. adults are overweight (body mass index, BMI<25), one-quarter is obese (BMI<30), and 11% of children and adolescents are overweight. Approximately 280,000 deaths are attributable to obesity annually. Sedentary life style is prevalent and only 22% of U.S. adults exercise the recommended five times per week for at least 30 minutes. Healthy weight maintenance involves a delicate balance between energy intake and energy expenditure.

Glucose is the principal nutrient for energy and daily energy balance between intake and expenditure is a determining factor in body weight stability. A long-term positive energy balance leads to weight gain, while a negative balance accounts for weight loss. Obesity is an alarming trend globally and more acute in developed countries due to sedentary life style and rich diets among both adults and children and leads to deleterious consequences such as obesity, syndrome X, insulin resistance, diabetes and other health risks (York D, Bouchard C. How obesity develops, Endocrine, 13 (2), 143-154, 2000). Syndrome X is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and central obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and high blood sugar levels. An estimated 20 to 30% of middle-aged Americans suffer from Syndrome X, which is believed to increase risk for diabetes and heart disease. The spread of obesity is considered to be an epidemic in the U.S. and a sensible, sustained weight management is a critical step in this environment (Mokdad A H, Serdula M K, Dietz W H, Bowman B A, Marks J S, Koplan J P. The spread of the obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998, JAMA, 282 (16), 1519-1522, 1999).

Glucose is the most important nutrient for many cells of the body. Glucose transport from the blood into cells, therefore, is one of the most important functions of all cells and some tissues, such as brain, are solely dependent on glucose as an energy source. Insulin regulates glucose uptake into fat and muscle cells through the recruitment of glucose transporter (GLUT)4 from an intracellular membrane storage pool to the plasma membrane. A complex homeostatic mechanism keeps the blood glucose level constant in mammals and most cells contain several types of sodium linked glucose transporters known as GLUT family. Glucose transporters, such as GLUT4, are especially important for regulating intracellular glucose in heart and skeletal muscle cells and in fat cells (brown and white adipocytes). The pancreatic hormone insulin regulates blood sugar levels by a cascade of biochemical steps, including activation and translocation of GLUT4 to cell surface, for glucose transport from blood to cells (Yamasaki K, Effects of some saponins on glucose transport system, Eds. Waller and Yamasaki, 1996. Plenum Press, New York; Maier V H and Gould G W. Long-term insulin treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes results in mistargeting of GLUT4: implications for insulin-stimulated glucose transport, Diabetologia, 43, 1273-1281, 2000; Yaworsky K, Somwar R, Ramlal T, Tritschler H J, Klip A. Engagement of insulin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of glucose transport by a-lipoic acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Diabetologia, 43, 294-303, 2000).

Numerous groups have been systematically searching for an agent to modify glucose transport activity and to find a natural product useful as an anti-diabetic agent. Various medicinal plants from Asia have been used to treat diabetes and the plants exhibiting hypoglycemic effect include Momordica Charantia, Tinospora Cordifolia, Ginseng, etc. (Yamasaki K 1996). Tea preparations from the leaves of Lagerstroemia Speciosa L., traditionally have been used for weight-loss and by diabetics to balance blood sugar levels (Murakami C, Myoga K, Ryoji K, Ohtani K, Kurokawa T, Ishibashi S, Dayrit F, Padolina W G and Yamasaki, K. Screening of plant constituents for effect on glucose transport activity in Ehrlich Ascites tumor cells, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 41 (12), 2129-2131, 1993) and in-vitro studies indicate that Corosolic acid extracted from the leaves of Lagerstroemia Speciosa L, improves the cellular uptake of glucose (Murakami C. et al. 1993). Further studies in diabetic mice indicate the hypoglycemic effects of leaf-extracts from Lagerstroemia Speciosa L. (Kakuda T, Sakane I, Takihara T, Ozaki Y, Takeuchi H and Kuroyanagi M. Hypoglycemic effect of extracts from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. leaves in genetically diabetic KK-AY mice, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60 (2), 204-208, 1996).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comprises a stable and non-toxic Corosolic acid formulation including a soft gel formulation for increased absorption of Corosolic acid into the human body. A preferred soft gel formulation includes Corosolic acid, rice bran oil, and yellow bee's wax or silica. The preferred soft gel Corosolic acid formulation is administered thrice a day in dosages of about 16 mg.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a numerical comparison of the sugar levels in volunteers taking nothing, Corosolic acid in gel form and Corosolic acid in powder form;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the washout rates of blood sugar level vs. time during and after taking gel and powder Corosolic acid;

FIG. 3 is a comparison graph showing the blood sugar level vs. time during and after taking gel and powder Corosolic acid;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the washout rates of weight vs. time during and after taking gel and powder Corosolic acid;

FIG. 5 is a numerical comparison of the weight of volunteers taking nothing, Corosolic acid in gel form and Corosolic acid in powder form; and

FIG. 6 is a graph of weight change vs. dosage of Corosolic acid.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Corosolic acid (2-a-hydroxyursolic acid, CAS# 52213-27-1; Glucosol™ (trademark of Soft Gel Technologies, Inc. of Los Angeles, Calif.) is a triterpenoid with a molecular weight of 743.63 grams and is a lipophilic, polar compound that is extracted from the leaves of Lagerstroemia Speciosa L. Lagerstroemia Speciosa L. is commonly known as Crepe Myrtle and belongs to the botanical family lythraceae. It is a very common ornamental deciduous tree that grows in the tropical areas of the globe. Tea preparations from the leaves of Lagerstroemia Speciosa L., traditionally have been used for weight-loss and by diabetics to balance blood sugar levels (Murakami et. al., 1993).

Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies on the glucose transporter stimulatory effects of extracts from Lagerstroemia Speciosa L., have been described previously, including the identification of Corosolic acid (2-a-hydroxyursolic acid, CAS# 52213-27-1), a triterpenoid, as the active principle of this extract and its hypoglycemic effect (Murakami et. al., 1993; Yamasaki, 1996; De Tommasi N, De Simone Wl, Ho F, Sirino G, Cicala C, Pizza C, Hypoglycemic effects of sesquiterpene glycosides and polyhydroxylated triterpenoids of Eriobotrya japonica, Planta Meica, 57, 414, 1991; Garcia, F. On the Hypoglycemic Effect of Decoction of Lagerstroemia Speciosa leaves (Banaba) Administered Orally. The Journal of the Philippine Medical Association, 22, #7, 395402, 1940; Garcia, F. Distribution and Deterioration of Insulin-like Principle in Lagerstroemia Speciosa (Banaba). Acta Medica Philippina, 99-104; Garcia, F., and Melencio-Maglalang, P. Application of Banabins (A Plantisul Preparation) and S. B. Menus to Diabetics. The Journal of the Philippine Medical Association, 33, #1, 7-16, 1957; Garcia, F. Criticisms and Answers on Published Articles concerning Banabins or Plantisul Tablets. The Journal of the Philippine Medical Association, 35, #5, 313-319, 1959; Garcia, L., Pojas, F., Castro, I., Venzon, E., Sisson, F. and Capal, T. Pharmaceutico-chemical and Pharmacological Studies on a Crude Drug from Lagerstroemia Speciosa. The Philippine Journal of Science, 116, #4, 361-375, 1987; Scalori V et al., Int. J. Tiss. Reac., 1983, X 2, 95-97). Furthermore, according to the descriptions in the following references, extracts from these plants administered to rats at 10 mg/kg caused significant reduction in blood sugar levels. Acute toxicity studies in rats based on a single oral limit-dose of 5 g/Kg conclude that Corosolic acid is safe and non-toxic.

The following clinical study was conducted using the soft-gelatin capsule formulation of Corosolic acid (Glucosol™) to evaluate the hypoglycemic and weight loss effects in Type 2 diabetics. Additional studies were conducted in normal subjects to compile the safety and weight loss effects of Corosolic acid.

Blood Glucose Balance and Weight-Loss:

A group of 12 subjects with a history of type 2 diabetes (six men of age range 57 to 76 and body weight range of 171 to 238 pounds and six women ranging in 55 to 70 years of age with a weight range of 154 to 189 pounds) were given an oral daily dose of 48 mg Glucosol™ in a soft gel formulation for 30 days followed by a 45 day wash-out period. The same group was crossed over to an oral daily dose of 48 mg Glucosol™ in a hard gel capsule formulation for 30 days followed by a 45 day wash-out period. Each volunteer provided a blood sample in the morning, after an over night fast, seven days before the start of the study (−7 day) and on the day of the study (0 day) to evaluate the basal blood glucose levels. Subsequently, blood glucose level and body weight were measured at 15-day interval for the duration of the study.

Blood Glucose Balance and Weight-Loss:

In this 30-day study, at a daily dose of 48 mg of Glucosol™, both soft gel and dry-powder hard gel formulations show a statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease in blood glucose levels compared to control blood glucose measurements (FIGS. 1, 2, and 3). Compared to control levels, the relative reduction in blood glucose level was similar to that observed in the dose-response study; 31.5% decrease in the soft gel and 22.6% decrease in the hard gel formulation. However, compared to the dry-powder hard gel formulation, the soft gel form of Glucosol™ shows a significantly (p<0.01) greater ability to lower blood glucose levels. Further, the slow recovery of blood glucose levels during the wash-out period for both formulations suggests an after-effect or memory-effect of Glucosol™, even after the cessation of the daily dose of Glucosol™ which suggests a significant implication for daily-dose compliance issue for diabetics.

Concurrent with the reduction of blood glucose levels, a weight-loss was observed in both formulations of Glucosol™ (FIGS. 5 and 6). Further, the weight-gain during the wash-out period was significantly slower confirming the after-effect or memory-effect of Glucosol™. Weight-loss was also observed during the dose-response study. The differences in weightless between the soft gel and hard gel formulations are significant at 32 and 48 mg/day Glucosol™ doses (FIG. 6).

Acute and chronic clinical studies of Corosolic acid (Glucosol™) formulations in normal subjects at daily dose of 48 mg Glucosol™ indicate that their blood sugar levels remain in the normal range (75 to 110 mg/dL) before, during and after the intake of Glucosol™. Furthermore, blood chemistry and hematology profiles did not suggest any significant changes indicating the safety profile of Glucosol™. The only significant finding is a weight loss observed in normal subjects receiving Glucosol™ at 48 mg per day for 30 days. The mean body weight-loss was 1.25+0.6 pounds after 15 days and 2.4+0.8 pounds after 30 day use of Glucosol™.

Therefore, oral formulations of leaf extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. standardized to 1% Corosolic acid (Glucosol™) exert a marked lowering of blood sugar in type 2 diabetics and also a significant and sustained weight-loss without any adverse effects. Further, the results of this study indicate that Glucosol™ does not alter either the absorption or clearance of blood sugar in non-diabetic subjects, while retaining its weight-loss effect.

Glucosol™ formulated in a soft gelatin capsule demonstrated a significant improvement in blood sugar lowering or weight-loss effect compared to Glucosol™ formulated in a dry-powder hard gelatin capsule suggesting that the triterpene active ingredient in Glucosol™ is lipophilic and better absorbed in an oil-based soft gelatin capsule formulation.

Although Glucosol™ shows a significant dose-response relationship over the range of 16 to 48 mg per day, the top of the dose-response curve may not have been achieved so the maximum dose to achieve a leveling-off response is unknown.

It is an objective of the present invention to provide an improved formulation of Corosolic acid, including a soft gel formulation that produce a significant and sustained weight-loss and an optimal blood sugar balance. To this end, this formulation contains Lagerstroemia speciosa L. standardized to 1% Corosolic acid (Glucosol™) and refined soybean oil.

It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a soft gel formulation of Corosolic acid and administration that produces greater absorption into the intestine.

The unique formulation involves the following sequence of ingredients.

1. Rice bran oil to be heated to 35° C. 2. Addition of Yellow Bees wax or silica. 3. Simultaneous addition under vacuum of the following ingredient: Glucosol™ (normally an alcohol extract 1% Corosolic acid but an aqueous alcohol seems to have the same effects). 4. Blending and continuous stirring of all the ingredients. 5. Cooling of the mixture to room temperature (about 22° C.) 6. Thorough mixing and nitrogen gas blanketing of the container. 7. Soft gel capsulation of the above mixture.

In summary, previous in-vitro, pre-clinical (animal) and clinical studies with various preparations of Lagerstroemia speciosa L, indicate the beneficial effects of blood-sugar lowering and anecdotal weight-loss effects. Present clinical studies establish the dose-response relationship of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. standardized to 1% Corosolic acid (Glucosol™) formulated into a soft gelatin capsule dosage form. Additional studies with this new formulation in a clinical setting suggest improved bioavailability and absorption of Corosolic acid in an oil-based soft gel capsule formulation compared to a dry-powder hard gelatin capsule formulation.

In addition, the present invention may also incorporate an extract of Gymnema sylvestre, an herb also helpful for weight loss through blood glucose control, as additional ingredient. The present invention may also include a multi herb formulation, with the addition of antioxidant vitamins C and E, B complex vitamins, as well as the nutrients Alpha Lipoic Acid, CoQ₁₀, and the mineral chromium, since all are useful in a balanced weight loss program.

Thus there has been shown and described novel formulations, methods, and capsules, which fulfill all the objects and advantages sought therefor. Many changes, modifications, variations and applications of the subject invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after consideration of the specification and the accompanying Figures. All such changes, modifications, alterations and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention which is limited only by the claims that follow: 

1. A method for manufacture of a soft gel capsule containing corosolic acid comprising the steps of: heating rice brain oil; adding a filler to the heated rice bran oil; adding corosolic acid to the heated rice bran oil and filler to form a mixture; cooling the mixture to room temperature; and encapsulating the mixture into a soft gel capsule.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the corosolic acid is added under reduced pressure.
 3. The method of claim 1, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 4. The method of claim 2, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the filler is yellow bees wax.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the corosolic acid is added under reduced pressure.
 7. The method of claim 5, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 8. The method of claim 6, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the filler is silica.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the corosolic acid is added under reduced pressure.
 11. The method of claim 9, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 12. The method of claim 10, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the rice bran oil is heated to about 35° C.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the corosolic acid is added under reduced pressure.
 15. The method of claim 13, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 16. The method of claim 14, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the filler is yellow bees wax.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the corosolic acid is added under reduced pressure.
 19. The method of claim 17, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 20. The method of claim 18, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the filler is silica.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the corosolic acid is added under reduced pressure.
 23. The method of claim 21, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen.
 24. The method of claim 22, further including the step of blanketing the cooled mixture with nitrogen. 